DIPLOMACY

Diplomacy exists in the world with the beginning of the human beings. “Diploma tie” is a French word which means behaving in a good way with other people like negotiating with other person in an effective way.  Diplomacy concerns with positive behavior of the people towards others. The meaning of diplomacy is that it is a good behavior of people to negotiate about relationships and agreement between two different groups of people in an effective way.

If a person have the diplomacy skills, they can get argue on small issues to cooperate with others. It is a skill to deal with people without threatening them.

Robin Hobb says about diplomacy,

“Diplomacy is the velvet glove that cloaks the fist of power.”

A good Pakistani who has the skills of diplomacy can win the heart of other people. Now a day’s, Pakistan has need to require skills through which people can tolerate other’s problems. When a person use the word of diplomacy it means people want to strong their relationships with other parties. These behaviors of people remove the communication gap between the countries in result international relationship between countries will be strong. Diplomacy develops the good relationships between different nations.  Therefore, increase the harmony and brotherhood between the nations. Diplomacy is way through which we can promote the fields of cultural and economical relationships between the countries.

Sir Harold Nicolson who was an English Diplomat born in Tehran, Persia, states that:

“Diplomacy is neither the invention nor the pastime of some particular political system, but is an essential element in any reasonable relation between man and man and between nation and nation” (Nicolson 4).

The functions of diplomacy are represents their own country in another country and protect the rights and interest of the citizens their own country. In diplomacy the people of home country negotiate with other country. They report and control the conditions of developments like economical and cultural. Diplomacy functions involves in by issue visas and passport also.

Timeline of Pakistan from 1990 to 1999

History of Pakistan

This is the season of timeline of Pakistan from 1990 to 1999. Like in all seasons we stated some of the major events of Pakistan history that is independent of politics. We haven’t only discussed political history of Pakistan but also non political history. The history of Pakistan is full of triumphs, but it has also got the other side that is very destructive. So here in this blog I intent to mention all those events those were important in the past.

Timeline 1990

On 5^th of Feb, for the very first time Kashmir Solidarity day was observed in Pakistan. On 6^th of October National assembly was suspended by President Ghulam Ishaq khan, who also dismissed Benazir who was PM at that time, Mustafa Jataoi then become as the new care taker PM. On 23^rd of September, Pakistan and China signed upon the Sandak project at Beijing. General elections in Pakistan were held on 24^th October declaring IJI winner that is followed by PDA. On 6^th of November Nawaz sharif became the new PM, having 153 votes and Pakistan became the 37^th country to send voyage to Antarctica on 12^th of December.

Timeline 1991

On 22^nd of April, a record was made in British Open Squash title by Jahangir Khan, who won that title for the 10^th time in a row. The shariat bill was adopted by National assembly on 16^th of May. Pakistan divulges the first battle tank Al-Khalid that was jointly manufactured by Pakistan & China on 17^th of July. The foundation stone of Bab-i-Pakistan was laid down at Walton Lahore  by Nawaz Sharif on August 14^th and upon the retirement of Chief of Army staff Gen. Mirza Alam Baig, Gen Asif Nawaz assume the command on 16^th of August.

Timeline 1992

The launching ceremony of Lahore to Islamabad Motorway was held on 12^th of Jan. The yellow cab scheme was introduced by Nawaz Sharif on 22^nd of Feb. On 25^th of March, Pakistan won his world cup ever in Cricket, by defeating England by 22 runs in Melbourne. Alam channa the tallest man in the world who was a Pakistani entered in Guinness Book of World Record and military operation against MQM starts on 19^th June in Sindh.

Timeline 1993

Gen. Asif Nawaz passes away on 8^th of Jan in RWP. National assembly was once again suspended by President Ghulam Ishaq khan and he also dismissed Nawaz Sharif and appointed Balkh Sher Mazari as the care taker PM on 18^th of April. On 26^th of May, National assembly and Nawaz Sharif were restored by Supreme Court. On 18^th of July Nawaz Sharif and Ghulam Ishaq khan quit their offices. On 6^th of October, General elections in Pakistan were held; declaring PPP as the victor by having 86 seats followed by PML (N) securing 72 seats. On Oct 19^th, Benazir was once again selected as the PM of Pakistan having 121 votes and Farooq Laghari was elected as the president on 13^th November.

Timeline 1994

PTV transmission was transmitted to 38 countries via satellite on 15^th Jan. first women police station was inaugurated by Benazir Bhutto in ISB on 25^th of Jan. Pakistan’s veteran scientist Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui died in KHI on 14^th of April. Pakistan won the World hockey championship after having a struggle of 12 years on 4^th Dec and noted poetess of Pakistan Perveen Shakir was killed in an accident in ISB on 26^th of Dec.

Timeline 1995

Famous politician G.M Syed passes away in KHI on 25^th of April. On 4^th of July the ban was lifted against Karachi evening newspaper. On 8^th of July WAPDA declare the record increasing rate of electricity and appeal that was entered against Maj. Gen Zaheerul Islam Abbasi in khilafat Conspiracy Case was dismissed by Lahore High court on 6^th of Dec.

Timeline 1996

The Chief of Army staff becomes Gen. Jahangir Karamat on 13^th of Jan. The Cricket World Cup was jointly hosted by Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka on 11^th of Feb. Tehrik-i-Insaaf, a new political party was launched by Imran khan on 25^th of April. Mir Murtaza Bhutto was murdered in KHI on 20^th September. Farooq Ahmed Leghari suspended National Assembly and hessian Benazir Bhutto.

  

Timeline 1997

Supreme Court endorses the proclamation against the suspension of National assembly and the dismissal of Benazir. General elections in Pakistan were held on 3^rd Feb declaring PML to be the victor by having 135 seats. Nawaz Sharif became the new PM of Pakistan on 17^th of Feb. the “ Qarz Utaro Mulk Sanwaro” scheme was introduced by Nawaz Sharif declaring Friday as the Working Day and making Sunday as the Weekly holiday on 23^rd of Feb. Saeed Anwar broke the world record score of 194 runs against India on 21^st of May and the world famous singer Nusrat Fateh Ali died on 16^th of August at the age of 48.

Timeline 1998

Rafiq Tarrar took the oath as the President of Pakistan on 1^st of Jan. the population census begun in the country on 8^th of March. The nuclear tests were conducted in Chagai Hills of Balochistan on 8^th of March. The new foreign currency accounts were opened by the State Bank and the withdrawals were also suspended on 29^th of May and UN Security Council denied to give the nuclear status to Pakistan and India on 4^th of June.

Timeline 1999

Pakistan defeated India by 12 runs in a test match on Jan 31^st.  Pakistan again defeated India in the inauguration match of Asian test Championship on 20^th Feb. the Lahore Declaration was signed by Nawaz Sharif and A.B Vajpayee on 21^st of Feb. the test of nuclear capable short range missile named as Saheen were conducted on 15^th of April. On 16^th of April Pakistan won the Coca cola cup final by defeating India by 8 wickets. In the Cricket World Cup Australia defeated Pakistan by 8 wickets on 20^th June. The Kargil war between India and Pakistan came to an end on 26^th July and Nawaz sharif was expelled from his powers and was placed in house arrest after his attempt to hessian Gen Pervez Musharaf on 12^th of October.

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Timeline of Pakistan from 1980 to 1989

This is another season of timeline of Pakistan and now we’re presenting you the timeline from 1980 to 1989. In timeline we highlight the major events that happened in Pakistan at that time. This blog provides information about Pakistan and we’ll see the history of Pakistan that has been forgotten.

Timeline 1980

Shirin Bai 

On 10^th of May, Pakistan boycotts Olympics of Moscow. Federal shariat court was established on 26^th of May. Government of Pakistan starts collecting Zakat on 21^st June. Muhammad Ali, former PM died in KHI on 2^nd December and another sister of Quaid-e-Azam, Shirin Bai died in Karachi on 3^rd of December.

Timeline 1981

Jalal baba

Hijacked plane

On 1^st of Jan, first internet banking was introduces interest free banking. On 3^rd of Jan International Islamic University was institutionalized. On 3^rd of Jan Jalaluddin Khan, Jalal Baba passes away. The survey for National population started on 1^st of March. On 2^nd of March, PIA Boeing 720 was hijacked to Kabul along with 148 passengers and Pakistan mills starts functioning on 31^st of August.

Timeline 1982

Hafeez Jullundhry

In Hockey world cup that was organized in Bombay, Pakistan defeated Argentina by 12-3 on 3^rd of Jan. On 11^th of Jan Gen. Zia inaugurates first session of Federal Council (shoora) in ISB. On 22 Feb eminent poet of Urdu, Josh Malehabadi died. On 8^th of April Jahangir khan won the British Open Squash Championship and on 21^st Dec Hafeez Jullundhry died, who was the writer of Pakistan’s National anthem.

Timeline 1983

On 15^th of Jan, first three F-16 jets reach into Pakistan. On 11^th of March, Nuclear tests Kirana-I is carried out, the tests are not announces until 2000. Government lifts censorship from periodicals on 28^th March. Satellite Earth station, foundation stone was laid on 29^th March near RWP and on 29^th Sep the first session of local bodies started.

Timeline 1984

Government ban all student unions on 9^th of Feb. MQM was formed by Altaf Hussain on 18^th of March. Ban was imposed on the use of Islamic taxonomy by Ahmadis on 27^th of April. Noted poet of Urdu, died on 20^th November and on 19^th Dec, Gen Zia-ul-haq holds presidential referendum.

Timeline 1985

On 25^th February, party less national elections were held. On 23^rd of March 23 Muhammad khan Junejo becomes PM and Gen. Zia becomes the President. On 15^th April, Bushra Ziadi, a university student died, that created series of protest. On 16^th Oct, National Assembly adopts Eighth Amendment bill and on 31^st Dec Martial law was lifted and 1973 constitution was restored.

Timeline 1986

On 10^th of April, Benazir returns to Pakistan. On 6^th of June Gen Zia laid down the foundation stone of Al-shifa trust in RWP. On 8^th of July, Peshawar Dry port was inaugurated. Hijacked Pan Am jet was freed after the action of commando in KHI and Pakistan was defeated by England in the Semi final of Hockey World Cup on 12^th of Oct.

Timeline 1987

On 21^st Feb, Gen Zia made a surprise visit to India where he met PM Rajiv Gandhi. On October 15^th Amir of Jamat-i-Islami became Qazi Hussain. On 21^st of October Jan Sher khan won the Championship of Squash. On November 30^th the Localbodies election in Pakistan were held throughout the country and on December 18^th Benazir wed Asif Ali Zardari.

Timeline 1988

Jahangir Khan

On 10^th of April Army ammo blows up in Ohejri camp due to which hundreds of people died in RWP. Jahangir khan won the seventh Squash title consecutively on 20^th April. On May 29^th Gen. Zia suspended National Assembly and Junejo cabinet. On 17^th August Gen. Zia propogate Shariat ordinance by making Sharia Supreme law of the land. 8 Political parties of Pakistan form Islamic Jamohiri Itehad (IJI) on 6^th of October. On November 16^th general elections were held, in which PPP won 92 seats and IJI 54 and on Dec 2 Benazir Bhutto sworn as the first PM of Pakistan.

Timeline 1989

On 19^th Jan, students unions were refurbish in Punjab and won by Anjuman-e-Talba-Islam. On 26^th of May ISI Chief Lt. Gen. Hameed Gul was swapped by Shamsur Rahman Kallu. On 1^st of October Pakistan retorted Commonwealth. On 20^th October SAF games were opened in ISB and on 1^st of November no-confidence movement against PM Benazir Bhutto failed. 

Pakistan timeline from 1958 to 1968

Timeline of Pakistan after 1958 to 1968, the major reason for this blog is to inform our viewers that what happened in Pakistan highlighting major events from the history of Pakistan one by one. Glancing on the timeline of 1958 where on 14^th Feb well known leader in Pakistan passed away in KHI. On 23^rd April Interior Minister becomes Jalal Baba, whereas on June 25^th President Rule was declared in East of Pakistan. First film awards i.e. Nigar Film awards were held on 17^th of July. On 7^th Oct, General Ayub khan who was the Chief Martial Law Administrator imposed Martial law throughout the country and on November 2 Iskander Mirza was banished from Pakistan.

Timeline 1959

On 21^st of March in 1959 the authorities of Martial Law impose PRODA to debar the politicians. On 18^th of March the government conquest dailies i.e. The Pakistan time, Imroze and Lail-o-Nihar. On 12^th of July First woman pilot of Pakistan became Shukriya niaz. Islamic research institute was established by government on 16^th of September and on 27^th of October President General Ayub khan becomes the Field Marshal.

Timeline 1960

The Presidential cabinet of Pakistan decided to name new capital as Islamabad. Foundation of Minar-i-Pakistan was laid on Pakistan resolution day that is 23^rd of March. The foundation stone of catacomb of Muhammad Ali Jinnah was laid on 31^st of July.  On 1^st of August the principal seat for the government of Pakistan is declared in Islamabad and at Rome Pakistan got its first Olympic medal in Hockey by defeating India by 1-0.

Timeline 1961

On 1^st of Jan Decimal coin was introduced in Pakistan. On 22^nd April government organized Film awards. Associate press of Pakistan (APP) news agency was conquest by government on 14^th of July. The national flower in Pakistan was chosen to be jasmine on 15^th of July and on 16^th of August, Maulvi Abdul huq died in KHI.

Timeline 1962

On 3^rd of Feb, Dr. Muhammad Saeed Fazal Karim Beebani was born in RWP a well known poet and Guinness world record holder. The 1962 constitution was transmitted on Pakistan Day. Experienced Statesman of Pakistan Fazlul haq died in Dhaka on 27^th of April. 

Faiz Ahemd Faiz

For Faiz Ahmed Faiz literary contribution, Soviet Union awarded him by the Linen Prize on 1^st of June. Rehbar- I, the first weather rocket was launched by SUPARCO on 7^th of June and under new constitution of Pakistan where National assembly begins its first session for electing President, Ayub khan took the oath for Presidency on 8^th of June.

Timeline 1963

Pakistan and china first trade pact was signed on 5^th of January. On 24^th of Jan, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes the foreign minister of Pakistan. On 2^nd of March Pakistan and china signed their border agreement in Beijing. On 21^st of April, the council of Pakistan newspaper editors adapted the convention for press ethics and on 29^th Oct Pakistan’s permanent representative to UN was replaced by Syed Amjad Ali from Zafarullah khan.

Timeline 1964

On 31^st of July RCD i.e. Regional Cooperation for Development was established for the consent of Pakistan, Iran and Turkey. On 17^th of September Fatima Jinnah filed her papers as a candidate for the Presidential elections. On 22^nd Oct Khawaja Nizamuddin died in Dhaka. Pakistan achieves Silver medal in hockey on 28^th of Oct. PTV i.e. Pakistan Television Lahore station was inaugurated by President Ayub Khan.

Timeline 1965

On 2^nd of Jan Ayub khan was re-elected as the President of Pakistan. On 21^st of March, National Assembly held in which Muslim League claimed 120 seats out of 150. On 30^th June Pakistan

and India signed agreement for Runn of Kutch. On 6^th of September 2^nd war was held in Kashmir in between India and Pakistan, where the cease fire between them comes into force on 23^rd of September.

Timeline 1966

India and Pakistan signed Tashkent declaration on 10^th of Jan. On 12^th of Feb Sheikh Mujeeb, the chief of Awami League presented his 6 points in Khi. 

Zulfiqar Ali bhutto

Z.A Bhutto resigned as a Foreign minister on 17^th June. On 17^th of September General Yahya khan becomes the C in C of Pakistan Army and General Musa khan was appointed as the Governor General of West Pakistan and Montgomery of the Punjab city was renamed as Sahiwal on 13^th of November.

Timeline 1967

Mohtarma Fatima Ali Jinnah

On 9^th of July Mohtarma Fatima Ali Jinnah died in Karachi. The first steel mill of Pakistan was inaugurated in Chittagong on 24^th of August. For singing poetry of Allama Iqbal, Pakistan awarded the Egyptian vocalist Umm-i-Kulsum with Sitar-i-Imtiaz on 18^th of November. Malik Amir Muhammad was shot dead on 26^th of November and on 1^st Dec PPP i.e. Pakistan People Party came into being.

Timeline 1968

On 6^th of Jan Agartala conspiracy case for secession of East

Agartala conspiracy

Pakistan was exposed due to which 28 persons got arrested. On 25^th of September PTV Dhaka station was inaugurated, on 26^th of October, Pakistan won the Olympic Championship for hockey beating Australia by 2-1. On 7^th of November when Students protest were starting throughout the country which led to the resignation of Gen. Ayub Khan and on 7^th of Dec Grand Mufti of Kashmir, Mir Waiz yousaf shah died in RWP.       

Pakistan Timeline from 1947 to 1957

Pakistan Independence

The history of Pakistan is full of events and events, to highlight all the events that happened after 1947 is almost impossible, so here we’ll highlight only major events that happened from the period 1947 to 1957. Looking at the timeline from 1947, the first and the most major event held on 14^th August 1947 when sub-continent was divided and Pakistan appears as the sovereign state in the world. On August 18^th 1947 Pakistan becomes a member of UN. On October 27^th of that year Indian troops land in Kashmir stating it a part of India and on November 21 Dir and Chitral were granted to Pakistan.

Timeline 1948

Muhmmad Ali Jinnah

That was from 1947 now looking at the series of event in 1948 where on 25^th of Feb Urdu was declared as its national language. On March 27^th Kalat was also granted to Pakistan. On 9^th of July Pakistan first postage stamp was issued. Sadly, the founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah died on 11^th of September. On 14^th of September khawaja nizamudin becomes the governor general of Pakistan and on December of 15^th the Health minister of Punjab became Farhan Naseer who was also known as Seetha Master.

Timeline 1949

On 1^st of Jan united cease fire orders to operate in Kashmir. On 8^th of Feb Muzaffarabad becomes the capital of Azad Jammu Kashmir. The constitution of Pakistan which was framed on the ideology of Islam on the basis of this Pakistan constitution then adopted Objective resolution. On 26^th of july Pakistan and India agreed upon cease fire in Jammu and Kashmir and on November 25^th, first international Islamic conference opens in Karachi.

Timeline 1950

On 8^th of April, in New Delhi Liaquat- Nehru agreement was signed to deal with the major Inter Dominion issues. The Peshawar University was founded in 18^th of May. On 11^th July Pakistan was bonded with the international Monetary Fund and the World Bank. On 6^th of September, General Muhammad Ayub khan becomes the first C in C of Pakistani Army.

Timeline 1951

Pakistan’s first poll was started in 9^th of Feb. University of Karachi was established in 11^th of May. On June 14^th, first hearing of Pindi conspiracy case started in Hyderabad jail. The prime minister of Pakistan Liaqut Ali khan was murdered at Rawalpindi on 16^th of October and on 17^th of October Malik Ghulam becomes the Governor General and the Prime minister of Pakistan becomes Khuwaja Nizamuddin.

Timeline 1952

To join the territories into Baluchistan; Kalat, Makran, Las bela and Kharan agreed upon the accord of the Central government on 12^th of March. On August 21^st Pakistan and India agreed upon the boundary pact between East and West Bengal. On 22^nd August, a telegraph telephone service was reckoned in East and West of Bengal which was available for 24 hours. On 24^th December the Anglo American resolution was adopted in UN to hold demilitarization talks in India and Pakistan and Pakistan National scouts was instituted on 31^st of December.

Timeline 1953

PIDC i.e. Pakistan Industrial Development Corporation was started by his founder Chairman Ghulam farooq. To control the disorder against Ahmadis in Lahore, Martial law was started on 6^th of March. On 17^th of April Muhammad Ali bogra becomes the Prime Minister of Pakistan. In Karachi the birthplace of Muhammad Ali Jinaah was declared to be protected as National monument on 14^th of July. Kashmir Martyr’s Day was experienced country-wide on 16^th of August and on 22^nd November Allama Syed Suliaman Nadvi, who is a well known historian and a scholar passed away in Karachi.

Timeline 1954

On 31^st of July an Italian expedition along with Professor Desio conquered that K2 is the 2nd highest mountain in the world. The National anthem of Pakistan which was written by Hafeez Jullundhri and composed by Ahmed G Chaglah was endorsed by the Government of Pakistan on August 7^th. Pakistan on the tour of England defeated England at Oval by 24 Runs on 17^th of August.  On 21^st September the Constitution Assembly collectively passes the resolution to refer Urdu and English as its National Languages and on 7^th of Oct Ch. Zafarullah khan the Foreign minister at that time becomes the member of International Court of Justice.

Timeline 1955

On 1^st of Jan PIA i.e. Pakistan International Airlines came into being. Saadat Hassan Minto that was short story writer passed away in Lahore on 17^th of Jan. Kotri Barrage was inaugurated as the biggest post independence irrigation project on 15^th of March. On 7^th of August Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra resigned after the election of Ch. Muhammad Ali and on 6^th of October Governor General Ghulam Muhammad resigned by then Iskander Mirza becomes the Governor General.

Timeline 1956

On 21^st of Feb the constituent assembly decided to change the Federal republic to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. On 14^th of May the first 5 years plan was presented by PM Ch. Muhammad Ali. The 1956 constitution was publicized on Pakistan day i.e. 23 of March under the oath of Major General Iskander Mirza who become the first president of Pakistan. On 12^th of September Hussain Shaheed Suharwady took for granted the office of appointed PM. On 1^st of October the electorate bill was introduced in the National assembly providing joint elections in East Pakistan and separate in West Pakistan.

Timeline 1957

On 2^nd of Feb the President Iskander Mirza laid down the foundation stone of Guddu Barrage. On 8^th of March Iskander Mirza laid down the foundation stone to the State Bank of Pakistan in Karachi. The one of the founder in Muslim league plus the spiritual leader of ismaillis Aga khan passed away and after 4 months Governor Raj was lifted from West Pakistan. On 24^th July National awami party was formed by Maulana Bashani and on 22^nd Dec, the 7^th PM of Pakistan becomes Malik Feroz Khan.

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Dictatorship Rule In Pakistan

After Pakistan independence in August 1947, history of Pakistan has faced many dictatorship also known as military coups starting in 1958. From time to time different phases of dictatorship has came from 1958 – 1971, 1977 – 1988,  1999-2008.

Military Coups

Starting from 1958 in which Constitution Assembly of Pakistan was dismissed by first Pakistani president Major General Iskander Mirza. He also dismissed prime minister of Pakistan Firoz khan noon assigning General Ayub khan as the Chief Martial Law administrator. Thirteen days later, Mirza himself was toppled by Ayub Khan, who take on himself as a president.

General Zia-ul-haq

In 1977 Chief of Army staff General Zia-ul-haq confined the Prime Minister Bhutto and some of the members of National Alliance. On media General Zia broadcast the message of the dissolved of the Parliament and Provincial Assemblies and that the Constitution of Pakistan to be suspended. The stern rule of General Zai pioneer the concept of strict but modern form of conservatism which endorsed the nationalistic and religious programs.

Ghulam Ishaq khan Become the president of Pakistan after the tragedic death of General Zia. Ishaq unchecked the presidential powers and was known to be close to the Military. He thwarted the regime of both prime ministers in 1990 Benazir and Nawaz Sharif in 1993, lasting his own resignation in Pakistan under Waheed Kakar formula.

In 1999 Nawaz sharif and his ministers were caught up by the loyal senior officers of General Pervez Musharraf endeavoring his rule thwarting his plane form landing in Pakistan after returning from the visit to Sri lanka.

There are several unsuccessful attempts to dictatorship too in the history of Pakistan. At first it was Rawalpindi Conspiracy 1949 led by Major General Akbar Khan along with Liaquat Ali khan who was the first prime minister of Pakistan.

Conspiracies started to begin in 1980 against General Zia assassination on Pakistan day  which were revealed resulted in thwarting.

Islamic extremist along with General Zahir Islam Abbasi tried to over throw the regime of Benazir which was foiled.